{"id":617,"date":"2026-02-11T08:22:25","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T08:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martyrsdelarevolution.com\/?p=617"},"modified":"2026-02-11T08:22:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T08:22:26","slug":"picpus-le-cimetiere-des-martyrs-de-la-terreur-revolutionnaire-et-de-leurs-descendants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martyrsdelarevolution.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/11\/picpus-le-cimetiere-des-martyrs-de-la-terreur-revolutionnaire-et-de-leurs-descendants\/","title":{"rendered":"Picpus, le cimeti\u00e8re des martyrs de la Terreur r\u00e9volutionnaire et de leurs descendants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Moins c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que le P\u00e8re-Lachaise, le cimeti\u00e8re de Picpus<\/a>, dans le XII\u1d49 arrondissement de Paris, est pourtant l\u2019un des lieux les plus charg\u00e9s de m\u00e9moire de la capitale. Unique n\u00e9cropole priv\u00e9e de Paris, il conserve les restes de plus de 1 300 victimes de la guillotine r\u00e9volutionnaire, tomb\u00e9es sous la Terreur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 quelques pas de la place de la Nation \u2014 jadis sinistrement rebaptis\u00e9e place du Tr\u00f4ne Renvers\u00e9 \u2014 le cimeti\u00e8re de Picpus, au 35 rue du m\u00eame nom, se dissimule derri\u00e8re des murs sobres. Rien, depuis la rue, ne laisse deviner que ce havre de verdure abrite l\u2019un des t\u00e9moignages les plus poignants des exc\u00e8s r\u00e9volutionnaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pass\u00e9e la loge du gardien, le visiteur d\u00e9couvre un vaste jardin paisible. Le silence n\u2019est troubl\u00e9 que par le bruit des pas sur le gravier. Difficile d\u2019imaginer qu\u2019au fond de ce rectangle de verdure, long de plus de 300 m\u00e8tres, furent enfouis \u00e0 la h\u00e2te les corps de centaines de supplici\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la partie fun\u00e9raire reposent aujourd\u2019hui les descendants des familles frapp\u00e9es par la Terreur. Caveaux imposants et pierres tombales modestes rappellent que toutes les conditions sociales furent touch\u00e9es par la violence politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le cimeti\u00e8re des victimes du \u00ab hachoir national \u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour comprendre l\u2019existence de ce lieu, il faut revenir aux heures les plus sombres de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au plus fort de la Terreur, la guillotine \u2014 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme un instrument de justice \u00e9galitaire \u2014 fonctionnait sans rel\u00e2che. Apr\u00e8s avoir ensanglant\u00e9 la place de la Concorde, les ex\u00e9cutions furent d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019est de Paris, place du Tr\u00f4ne Renvers\u00e9. La raison n\u2019\u00e9tait pas humanitaire : les riverains se plaignaient des odeurs pestilentielles et du passage incessant des charrettes charg\u00e9es de cadavres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derri\u00e8re l\u2019ancien couvent des Chanoinesses de Saint-Augustin, confisqu\u00e9 par le pouvoir r\u00e9volutionnaire, deux fosses communes furent creus\u00e9es. Chaque nuit, les corps d\u00e9capit\u00e9s y \u00e9taient jet\u00e9s sans c\u00e9r\u00e9monie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre le 14 juin et le 27 juillet 1794, au paroxysme de la Terreur, 1 306 personnes furent ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es en quelques semaines seulement. En deux mois, la machine r\u00e9volutionnaire fit autant de victimes qu\u2019en une ann\u00e9e enti\u00e8re auparavant. Une troisi\u00e8me fosse avait m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9e, preuve que la spirale meurtri\u00e8re n\u2019\u00e9tait pas pr\u00e8s de s\u2019arr\u00eater \u2014 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que Robespierre lui-m\u00eame tombe sous la lame qu\u2019il avait tant utilis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019une des fosses contient 304 corps r\u00e9partis en 3 couches, l\u2019autre 1002 cadavres que l\u2019on peut d\u00e9tailler ainsi :<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1109 hommes : 579 gens du peuple, 178 gens d\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e, 136 gens de robe, 108 gens d\u2019\u00e9glise et 108 ex-nobles.
197 femmes : 123 femmes du peuple, 51 ex-nobles, 23 religieuses.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les fosses communes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Une r\u00e9pression qui frappa toutes les classes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Religieuses, aristocrates, militaires, mais aussi domestiques, artisans, employ\u00e9s et simples citoyens : la Terreur n\u2019\u00e9pargna personne. Les grandes plaques de marbre visibles dans la chapelle du domaine \u00e9gr\u00e8nent les noms des 1 306 victimes, accompagn\u00e9s de leurs titres ou professions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si l\u2019aristocratie fut particuli\u00e8rement vis\u00e9e, nombre de victimes furent aussi de simples anonymes, accus\u00e9s sur d\u00e9nonciation, soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de sympathies royalistes ou victimes de rivalit\u00e9s locales. La loi encourageait la d\u00e9lation ; la suspicion tenait lieu de preuve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beaucoup furent ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s apr\u00e8s des proc\u00e8s exp\u00e9ditifs, quand ils en eurent un. La justice r\u00e9volutionnaire, au nom du peuple, s\u2019\u00e9tait mu\u00e9e en m\u00e9canique implacable. Les fosses furent rebouch\u00e9es en 1795 dans la discr\u00e9tion, comme pour effacer la trace d\u2019un \u00e9pisode devenu embarrassant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 des familles et la fondation m\u00e9morielle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019oubli ne triompha pas totalement. Une jeune femme, Mademoiselle Paris, dont le p\u00e8re et le fr\u00e8re avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 guillotin\u00e9s, suivit un convoi fun\u00e8bre et d\u00e9couvrit l\u2019emplacement des fosses. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la d\u00e9termination des familles endeuill\u00e9es, le terrain fut rachet\u00e9 en 1797 par la princesse de Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, dont le fr\u00e8re avait p\u00e9ri sur l\u2019\u00e9chafaud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec l\u2019aide de Mme de Montagu, elle fonda une association destin\u00e9e \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la m\u00e9moire des victimes et confia l\u2019ancien couvent \u00e0 la congr\u00e9gation des Sacr\u00e9s C\u0153urs de Marie et de J\u00e9sus. Une parcelle suppl\u00e9mentaire fut acquise afin que les descendants puissent \u00eatre inhum\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des leurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi naquit la seule n\u00e9cropole priv\u00e9e de Paris encore en activit\u00e9, gardienne d\u2019une m\u00e9moire longtemps marginalis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Information utiles :
Cimeti\u00e8re de Picpus (inscrit au titre des monuments historiques depuis 1998), 35, rue de Picpus (Paris 12e). Visites (payantes, 2 euros) l’apr\u00e8s-midi, de 14 h \u00e0 17 h, du lundi au samedi (ferm\u00e9 dimanche et jours f\u00e9ri\u00e9s). Tel: +33 (0) 1 43 44 18 54<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Moins c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que le P\u00e8re-Lachaise, le cimeti\u00e8re de Picpus, dans le XII\u1d49 arrondissement de Paris, est pourtant l\u2019un des lieux les plus charg\u00e9s de m\u00e9moire de la capitale. Unique n\u00e9cropole priv\u00e9e de Paris, il conserve les restes de plus de 1 300 victimes de la guillotine r\u00e9volutionnaire, tomb\u00e9es sous la Terreur. \u00c0 quelques pas de … <\/p>\n

Lire la suite de\u00ab\u00a0Picpus, le cimeti\u00e8re des martyrs de la Terreur r\u00e9volutionnaire et de leurs descendants\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":237,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[43,29,10,18,42,23,17,28,21],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-cimetiere","tag-louisxvi","tag-martyr","tag-martyrs","tag-picpus","tag-pretre","tag-revolution","tag-revolution-2","tag-terreur"],"yoast_head":"\nPicpus, le cimeti\u00e8re des martyrs de la Terreur r\u00e9volutionnaire et de leurs descendants - Martyrs de la R\u00e9volution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martyrsdelarevolution.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/11\/picpus-le-cimetiere-des-martyrs-de-la-terreur-revolutionnaire-et-de-leurs-descendants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Picpus, le cimeti\u00e8re des martyrs de la Terreur r\u00e9volutionnaire et de leurs descendants - Martyrs de la R\u00e9volution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Moins c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que le P\u00e8re-Lachaise, le cimeti\u00e8re de Picpus, dans le XII\u1d49 arrondissement de Paris, est pourtant l\u2019un des lieux les plus charg\u00e9s de m\u00e9moire de la capitale. 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